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Definition and formulas The uniformity coefficient is a coefficient that allows you to express a quality judgment of the system on the basis of the quality of the distribution of the flow rates (and therefore indirectly of the pressures) in a system. There are several expressions that allow you to calculate its value. It is…
To obtain the maximum agronomic benefit from irrigation, it is absolutely necessary that the water distributed uniformly reaches the plants present in cultivation. Otherwise, the different degree of humidity present in the soil can lead to situations of water stress in certain parts of the field and excess humidity in others and, therefore, to different…
To obtain the maximum agronomic benefit from irrigation, it is absolutely necessary that the water distributed uniformly reaches the plants present in cultivation. Otherwise, the different degree of humidity present in the soil can lead to situations of water stress in certain parts of the field and excess humidity in others and, therefore, to different…
The water from the ground to the atmosphere passes from the liquid to the gaseous state through the process of evapotranspiration, that is, by direct evaporation from the soil and by transpiration of the plants. The water both in the soil and in the plant is held back by a set of forces that oppose…
Foliar potential expresses the force with which water is retained by the leaves. The measurement of the foliar potential allows to evaluate the water status of the plant, to identify when the plant enters a condition of water stress and therefore to intervene with irrigation. In practice we can say that when the plant has…
They are defined as tubes suitable for conveying fluids without dispersion and constitute, as mentioned, the great majority of the tubes produced. Almost all of these have a circular section. Generally, pipes for hydraulic applications follow precise dimensional standards; the most commonly used standard is ANSI B36, which establishes some concepts of universal use. The…
Design criteria for a pumping station The classic scheme of a pumping station foresees a suction pipe, the pump and a delivery pipe. The geodetic head is defined as the difference in Hg level existing between the two tanks connected by the system, while the total head Ht is the difference between the total loads…
Among the operating machines designed to lift a liquid, centrifugal pumps are the most commonly used in practice. One of the most important advantages of these machines is the possibility of direct coupling, that is, without complicated transmission devices, with fast motors of current use, both thermal and electric. The motor-pump unit thus constituted…
The link between the flow rate Q and the total head H, at constant number of revolutions, is typical of each pump and is represented by a curve in the Cartesian plane Q, H which is called the characteristic curve of the pump. The course of the characteristic curve essentially depends on the…
The classification of the soil (in texture classes) is based on the percentage ratio of the following elements: sand, silt and clay. The texture of a soil expresses the size distribution of the elementary mineral particles that make up the solid matrix. For the USDA classification, the soil is classified in relation to the size…
